Pest Swot Analysis of Adidas Essay Example

Bug Swot Analysis of Adidas Essay Lopito Jan 25, 2008 Addidas-You are expert of the organization. Nuisance/SWOT and so on Introduction Adidas is an organization that fabricates shoes and game clothing. The author is Adolf Dassler who is German. The name made by blend of the name and family name Adi Dassler, who began delivering shoes in 1920s with the assistance of his sibling Rudolf Dassler. That make costumer, to perceive Adidas is three equal stripes of a similar shading. Trademark: â€Å"IMPOSSIBLE IS NOTHING† 1. History 1949-2005 Because of the demise of Adolf’s child (Horst Dassler), the Company was purchased in 1990 by Bernard Tapie. In those days Tapie was pro of protecting bankrupt organizations. Following stage was to change the spot of creation to Asia and make an advancement battle by utilizing a popular individual as Madonna (well known artist). In 1992 practical issues lead Tapi to sell Adidas to Lyonnais bank. Lyonnais sold Adidas to Robert Louis-Dreyfus who was likewise the leader of the Olympique de Marseille football crew. In 1997, Adidas AG gained the Salomon Group, and its corporate name was changed to Adidas-Salomon AG. After seven years, top English style fashioner Stella McCartney propelled a joint-adventure line with Adidas. This line was a games execution assortment for ladies called Adidas by Stella McCartney. Following 2 years, Adidas presented the Adidas 1, the first since forever creation shoe to use a microchip. In August 2005, Adidas purchased rival Reebok. Simultaneously deals had been nearer to those of Nike in North America. The securing of Reebok would likewise permit Adidas to rival Nike worldwide as the number two athletic shoemaker on the planet. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pest Swot Analysis of Adidas explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Pest Swot Analysis of Adidas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Pest Swot Analysis of Adidas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A quarter of a year later Adidas discharged another adaptation of the Adidas 1, improve it, more grounded and quicker. On April 11 2006, Adidas declared a 11-year arrangement to turn into the authority NBA clothing supplier. 2. Items Adidas makes anything identified with sport, similar to shoes, garments, watches, balls, Sunglasses, Protective Equipment, and so forth. You can buy Adidas anyplace. But unique stores that put in each city in each nation; you can discover them additionally in market as aroma shower gel and so on, or in gem store as watches. The valuing for per of shoe vary 60 to 250 Euros, High cost for a great many people; reasonably for High quality materials that organization use. †¢PLANING Mission Statement â€Å"Our mission is to turn into the best games brand on the planet. Keeping that in mind, we will never compare amount with quality. Our author Adi Dassler was enthusiastic about games. For Adi, the competitor started things out. He gave those on the field, the court and the track the startling and the little contrasts that made them increasingly agreeable and improved execution. This is our inheritance. This is what the brand rely on. This will never show signs of change. † Vision Passion for sport. This is adidas. We reliably carry our enthusiasm to each and every game, any place and at whatever point it is played. Regardless of whether its football in the recreation center or the 100 meters at the Olympics we have been there, we are there now, and we will consistently be there. Our fantasy is to bring our enthusiasm for sport, the competitor and the item, to any individual who comes into contact with adidas. Destinations We are advancement and plan pioneers who try to help competitors of all aptitude levels accomplish top execution with each item we bring to the market. We are a worldwide association that is socially and naturally capable, inventive and monetarily compensating for our workers and investors. We are focused on ceaselessly fortifying our brands and items to improve our serious position and monetary execution. In the medium term, we will broaden our driving business sector position in Europe, extend a lot of the US footwear advertise and be the quickest developing major outdoor supplies provider in Asia and Latin America. The subsequent top-line development, along with exacting cost control and working capital upgrades, will roll over-proportionate income development. Dynamic style: Centralized/customized S. W. O. T. Examination Strengths †¢In many develops is the greatest support †¢Strong supervisory group †¢Brand acknowledgment and notoriety †¢Diversity and assortment in items offered on the web (footwear, clothing, sporting gear, and so on ) †¢Strong command over its own dissemination channel †¢No awful notoriety like youngster work or condition contamination †¢In the Soccer business, Adidas has a fortification Weaknesses †¢High costs in certain items †¢E-trade is constrained to USA The immediate deal to purchasers is making clashes with its own affiliates †¢Online client support not accommodating or simple to discover Opportunities †¢Increase female investment in games â€Å"Adidas by Stella McCartney† †¢Collaborate with other online retailers to offer Adidas items †¢Possibility of re-appropriating the web advancement and internet business to an outsider engineer Threats †¢Nikes solid notoriety in the footwear and attire industry †¢Negative picture made by the supported competitors (I. e. Kobe Bryant and his rape case) †¢Increase in the Price of Raw materials Continuing difficulties in import/trade obligations PEST Analysis Political Adidas strategy is to control and screen perilous substance to secure human wellbeing and co ndition one of those is to dispose of PVC gaining ground in discovering substitutes like polyurethane, ethyl vinyl, silicones thermoplastic elastic. Adidas additionally give instructional meetings on work measures and HR frameworks, wellbeing and security is significant for the organization. Setting up groups to oversee and screen SARS in Asia industrial facility, washing stations, disinfectant units. At last Adidas ensures and bolsters the privileges of its representatives by adhering to all the current business laws. Prudent As a global organization adidas encourages nations to diminish joblessness by expanding each year the quantity of representatives. The Industrial Production Growth Rate in Germany was 1% in 2001-3, 2004 become 1. 7%. Adidas is an explanation of this expansion Because of the huge sponsorship in 2004 Olympic Games. As sending out to Europe isn't excessively costly as it was previously, Europe since 2002 has own cash (euro) and the fringes are not all that tight. Work compensation is high in Germany and France yet not all that costly in China (Suzhou). This is the explanation that a large portion of industrial facilities situated in Asia. Social Adidas items proclaim in any raise, age, religion, and way of life, consistently in style with extraordinary plan in any of item. Center in individuals who like games and competitors, nearly everyone can buy adidas items. Innovation Adidas join into innovation by make up the world’s first â€Å"smart shoe†, including a microchip inside the shoe and remote mp3 player. Likewise utilizing hot dissolve arrangement of the creation that is naturally protected, utilizing heat-actuated cements. The bundling that organization use, are appropriate for transportation over significant distances, muggy conditions and extraordinary temperature changes and use reused paper and other earth benevolent bundling materials. The same number of contenders that Adidas has, the outside condition can’t be no other by unique. BCG Matrix Apparel Watches Footwear Eyewear Strategy Formulation By made an assortment for ladies called Adidas by Stella McCartney† more ladies like to purchase adidas, likewise the advances that include shoe and watches. The cost fluctuant lower to higher to proclaim the greater part of the individuals. Miss Eliot (well known artist) advances adidas. Moreover it tells clients that adidas care about condition and doesn’t have sweatshops. Life Cycle †¢ORGANIZING Organizational Chart Adidas is a robotic association. As an enormous, worldwide association with thousand of representatives, strangely has natural components by offering chance to workers to communicate their contemplations and feeling as clarify above. The organization puts numerous objectives that need cooperation; infer that Adidas has task culture. Correspondence channels Adidas accentuates a great deal on the correspondence channels. It bolsters that making successful correspondence channels through the locales at Liaison Office (LO) and manufacturing plant level is a consistent test. Adidas web based ‘Ask the Management’ discussion offers representatives all through the locales a chance to bring up concerns and post issues to top administration. Because of the way that there is full and open correspondence at work representatives are most exceptionally energetic and make their most prominent commitment to the business. The presence of the bounty stream of data and thoughts among representatives create efficiency and limit disarray, duplication, and ineffective clash. Representatives The government assistance of the workers is noteworthy for Adidas family. Adidas distinguished that so as to accomplishing the objective to be the worldwide pioneer in the outdoor supplies industry relies upon the gifts, energy and commitment of the workers. So as to progress their fulfillment Adidas utilizes different techniques. A portion of these are: †¢organize transport to our perations communities †¢provide clinical protection for staff situated in various urban areas †¢improve the lodging collection store and social retirement support inclusion †¢introduce adaptable working hours in the LO †¢provide yearly execution reward for qualified representatives †¢Make inward concessions to the utilization of web, (cell) phone and E-mail, on reintegration of workers returning from parental lea

Experience Vs. Qualification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Experience Vs. Capability - Essay Example This misinterpretation isn't right that experience matters more than capability. Qualified alumni need not dampen without understanding. Certify capability helps in offering a lot of openings for work; it is valid for all surges of study, for instance taking the flood of Town Planning in which consistently 2000 understudies get moved on from colleges with a RTPI-licensed arranging degree (Parkes, 2011). Graduates have more potentials for success of choice by utilizing different enrollment channels instead of relying exclusively upon customary techniques. Understudies can no more rely upon grounds enrollment alone. Absence of experience ought not debilitate graduates. A portion of the proposals for landing positions are graduation include: 1. Networking nowadays has gotten basic for getting enrolled, as just one out of five occupations are promoted. In the arranging work situation, the youthful planners’ organize bunch which held even a speed organizing occasion in Birmingham, could be the best stage for meeting the similarly invested crowd, forthcoming managers and make interfaces that help in off-grounds enlistment. 2. Graduate understudies need to keep up elevated level of mindfulness on current undertakings and have a knowledge of the approach choices identified with their subject taken by the administration at different levels. It can give an edge over others in the enlistment procedure. 3. Because of absence of experience, finding a new line of work turns out to be also exhausting assignment. Perfect route is to offer assistance to demonstrate your gauge; it can understand in greater increases. At first, a business could be reluctant to extend to a lasting employment opportunity yet a while later may discover the administrations offered by the alumni essential to the association and could appear in work offering; it has occurred much of the time. 4. Post for the association that could extend to you your fantasy employment opportunity. Find the individual doing that fantasy employment, and solicitation their opportunity to direct you on getting where they are today. Such individuals can offer better counsel as they had been in comparative position where an alumni gets himself. Odds of landing that fantasy position could light up if your fantasy work is promoted and that guide reviews you to offer that chance. 5. Extend your insight boundary and work understanding to be required the holding up circumstance in the midst of financial downturn and occupation rivalry. Your energy for the activity to the imminent bosses ought to be plainly obvious while you are still in the midst of your investigation. Offer yourself to be a volunteer to good cause and network associations to lead their activities. The RTPl site can give needed support relating to enlistment offices and direction from the individuals who have abroad understanding, which can be worked out for getting a serious edge (Parkes, 2011). Clarification of the Terms Qualification Before contending for capability standing better possibilities of occupation determination, a meaning of capability can help in appreciating how a capabilities structure in a given capabilities framework can help graduates in choice. Werquin

How Quitting Smoking Changed The Way I Think and Act

How Quitting Smoking Changed The Way I Think and Act Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print How Quitting Smoking Has Changed My Life By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Updated on February 06, 2018 ANN CLARKE IMAGES/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Years of smoking  ingrains behaviors and thought patterns that are more about addiction than they are about our true feelings and preferences.   Once we quit, were often surprised at the changes in attitude we experience regarding smoking, and life in general. Steve, a member of the DelphiForums.com About Smoking Cessation support forum, some  recently-new (and some not-so-new) ex-smokers gathered to share how smoking cessation has changed the way they think and act.   Their responses are posted below Steves question, and provide a glimpse into how positively our lives are affected by smoking cessation. From Steve:     When we smoked we had a certain mindset.  When we quit  and win our freedom from addiction, our mindset changes.  What is the biggest change or transformation in thought youve gone through  since you quit smoking? Transformations Brought on By Quitting I always said that I loved smoking.  After I quit I came to realize how much I really dont like it!  I havent become that bad ex-smoker (you know the one) yet, but give me a few more years! ~ SteveAt 10 months quit, I now actually am more confident and more disciplined in my thinking. When I make a decision now, I take my time to think of all the possibilities. I feel stronger in my resolve to stay quit as well. It amazes me how proud I am of my ability to finally feel that I will stay quit and succeed in staying quit. For long term smokers like myself (44 years) I really never ever thought I could ever do this but joining this forum was the extra ammunition I needed to succeed. My thinking has been changed forever.  ~DebI think I care more about myself now:  My health, I stand up for myself when appropriate, I feel like there are more possibilities out there now without my smoking monkey on my back. ~LindaI learned that I dont need cigarettes to process when I am sad, stressed, happ y, anxious, bored, surprised, angry, afraid, impatient, nervous, confused, lost, or any other emotion. The only thing having a cig did was temporarily reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and allow me to hide my emotions behind a veil of smoke. Thats it...thats all. ~JennI am simply a different person than I was on Feb. 28, 2013. Since quitting smoking I am more conscious of what I eat. I lead a more healthy lifestyle. Im a more kind, thoughtful, and patient person than when I was smoking. I like who I have become rather than the person I was being ruled by a cigarette...Im so glad to be on the other side...I am content. ~GailThe reality check after I read on the NRT patches that patch exposure can kill small house pets and children. Something that lethal, without even the match, blows my mind. When hiking or walking around the property, I bring little trash bags along with me now to try to pick up after litterers (trash as well as cigarette butts). Its amazing how throwing a filter into water can kill a fish, a salamander, and other small aquatic wildlife. When Im feeling healthy and can get out and about, I guess Ive kind of made it my mission to stop others from hurting wildlife that didnt choose to smoke or come into contact with poison in the first place. ~RoseI lead quite a busy life. Never had time for much while smoking because of all the smoke time I needed. Now, I can just do things and I dont have to sit and smoke away while I think about it.  Having said that I still battle procrastination to a point...but it is much improved. ~VivienneQuitting smoking and becoming a member of this forum changed me in several ways, but I believe that increased empathy, the ability to be able to put myself in someone elses shoes was a major one. One of my favorite Maya Angelou quotes is proven here day after day: Ive learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.  ~DeeI am a new quitter. I have been nicotine free for 24 days! In this short time I have noticed changes in my outlook. I find myself having more confidence---like if I can quit smoking, I can accomplish other things I may have thought impossible! This new feeling is a lovely and unexpected surprise. ~MmacI have gone through so many transformations in the past [smoke-free] 8 months and I am sure I will continue to change several more times but today, I feel confident in myself and  I feel gratitude for  having found such a great group of people to get me here.  The confusion, anger, and fear that I had at the beginning of my quit are gone - hallelujah! ~PeggyI think one change for me was finding peace in solitude. Instead of taking drags on a cigarette, Im finding the peace and calm of deep breaths. Instead of a haze of smoke, Im seeing clearly. And I have developed more patience. ~AndreaFor me, the change seems to be evolving. I guess that this evolution first became apparent to me at about m onth six of my quit. I suddenly wasnt depressed anymore. And I figured that this was because my brain had adjusted to having a normal level of dopamine for the first time in 35 years.The second sign of the change was when I became aware that I could get a level of inner peace though deep breathing at about month ten. And it keeps getting better. Ive never felt better physically in my life. I dont want to sound overconfident but I really cant look at a pack of cigs. anymore without seeing them as a poison that I wish to have no part of. Getting here really did take a whole year and it does still amaze me a bit.But more than anything else I want to stay on this journey to see just how much better it really can get. ~Rick ??Closing Thoughts As smokers, most of us think that quitting smoking will make life dull and less fulfilling. After all, cigarettes are with us all day, every day. The thought of not having them strikes fear in our hearts. The reality of smoke-free life is quite the opposite. Once we  begin to recover from nicotine addiction,  benefits we  didnt expect start to emerge, and we are able to settle into our new lives comfortably. It doesnt happen overnight, but it WILL happen if youre patient and allow yourself the space and time needed to heal from this addiction. Dont let fear of  life without cigarettes deter you from getting started with smoking cessation. The rewards outweigh the discomforts by a long shot.

Sandra Harding s Science And Social Inequality - 1395 Words

A Review of Sandra Harding’s Science and Social Inequality In Science and Social Inequality, Sandra Harding argues that both the philosophy and practices of modern Western science ultimately function to advance global social inequalities. Drawing on feminist, postcolonialist, multicultural, and antiracist critiques of Western science, Harding supports this argument and exposes the ways in which modern Western science engenders social injustices particularly within the contexts of militarism, environmental destruction, and Western expansion. Through the nuanced and multilayered review and analysis of these critiques, Harding proposes ways to re-conceptualize the sciences and formulates a persuasive case for the emergence of feminist, practice-focused philosophies of science. Science and Social Inequality is divided into two sections; this paper will examine the structural organization of Harding’s text with particular attention to how the initial section supports her proposed reconceptualization of the sciences on a global scale. My aim is to review themes and key points of the text in order to evaluate the case Harding presents for the utility and necessity of a postcolonial, feminist science studies. Part I: The Social World of Scientific Research The first part of Sandra Harding’s Science and Social Inequality is comprised of 6 chapters that situate science firmly within the social and political world and ultimately serve to question the outcomes of its researchShow MoreRelatedFeminism The Tempest1352 Words   |  6 Pagesnature of inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations and sexuality. To do Feminist Research is to put the social construction of gender at the center of one s inquiry. Feminist theory is about seeing gender as a basic organizing principle which profoundly shapes/mediates the concrete conditions of our lives. In the play The Tempest, by William Shakespeare Miranda is a perfect example of a woman s role in literature from a feminist theorist perspective. In The Tempest, Miranda s prescribedRead MoreInterpretivism7441 Words   |  30 Pagessurprising regularity: Feminist research takes a variety of legitimate forms; there is no â€Å"distinctive feminist method of research† (Har ding, 1987; see also Chafetz, 2004a, 2004b; Fonow Cook, 2005; Hawkesworth, 2006; Hesse-Biber, 2007; Risman, Sprague, Howard, 1993; and Sprague, 2005). And yet, to this day, the relationship between feminist theory and quantitative social science research remains uneasy. Among feminist scholars, quantitative research is often seen as suspect for its association with positivismRead MoreShould Female Contruction Workers Earn the Same Wages as Male2427 Words   |  10 Pages217). Granted, middle class women still encounter the glass ceiling in their efforts to make it to the highest ranks of corporate life. Nevertheless, the womens movement secured a definite change in fortune for women from backgrounds with high social status. These women can now afford to be independent of men. Their financial future is no longer based on marrying into wealth. If a professional woman marries, and later divorces, the specter of impoverished single motherhood is rarely a threat.Read Morebiology 12589 4 Words   |  24 PagesSummary- The author writes about oppression in society and how it is full of contradictions. She states that there are no pure victims or oppressors, but rather everyone experiences a different amount of penalty and privilege based on their race and social status. She believes that if women and people of colour could find that they have common grounds in regards to class, it will eliminate racism and sexism. Thesis is in bold. She asks 2 questions: 1. How can we reconceptualise race, class andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Binomial Table for n=2, n=3, n=4, n=5 and n=6

One important discrete random variable is a binomial random variable. The distribution of this type of variable, referred to as the binomial distribution, is completely determined by two parameters: n   and p.   Here n is the number of trials and p is the probability of success. The tables below are for n 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The probabilities in each are rounded to three decimal places. Before using the table, it is important to determine if a binomial distribution should be used. In order to use this type of distribution, we must make sure that the following conditions are met: We have a finite number of observations or trials.The outcome of teach trial can be classified as either a success or a failure.The probability of success remains constant.The observations are independent of one another. The binomial distribution gives the probability of r successes in an experiment with a total of n independent trials, each having probability of success p.  Ã‚   Probabilities are calculated by the formula C(n, r)pr(1 - p)n - r where C(n, r) is the formula for combinations. Each entry in the table is arranged by the values of p and of r.   There is a different table for each value of n.   Other Tables For other binomial distribution tables: n 7 to 9, n 10 to 11.   For situations in which np  and n(1 - p) are greater than or equal to 10, we can use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution.   In this case, the approximation is very good and does not require the calculation of binomial coefficients.   This provides a great advantage because these binomial calculations can be quite involved. Example To see how to use the table, we will consider the following example from genetics.   Suppose that we are interested in studying the offspring of two parents who we know both have a recessive and dominant gene.   The probability that an offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive gene (and hence have the recessive trait) is 1/4.   Suppose we want to consider the probability that a certain number of children in a six-member family possesses this trait.   Let X be the number of children with this trait.   We look at the table for n 6 and the column with p 0.25, and see the following: 0.178, 0.356, 0.297, 0.132, 0.033, 0.004, 0.000 This means for our example that P(X 0) 17.8%, which is the probability that none of the children has the recessive trait.P(X 1) 35.6%, which is the probability that one of the children has the recessive trait.P(X 2) 29.7%, which is the probability that two of the children have the recessive trait.P(X 3) 13.2%, which is the probability that three of the children have the recessive trait.P(X 4) 3.3%, which is the probability that four of the children have the recessive trait.P(X 5) 0.4%, which is the probability that five of the children have the recessive trait. Tables for n2 to n6 n 2 p .01 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 r 0 .980 .902 .810 .723 .640 .563 .490 .423 .360 .303 .250 .203 .160 .123 .090 .063 .040 .023 .010 .002 1 .020 .095 .180 .255 .320 .375 .420 .455 .480 .495 .500 .495 .480 .455 .420 .375 .320 .255 .180 .095 2 .000 .002 .010 .023 .040 .063 .090 .123 .160 .203 .250 .303 .360 .423 .490 .563 .640 .723 .810 .902 n 3 p .01 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 r 0 .970 .857 .729 .614 .512 .422 .343 .275 .216 .166 .125 .091 .064 .043 .027 .016 .008 .003 .001 .000 1 .029 .135 .243 .325 .384 .422 .441 .444 .432 .408 .375 .334 .288 .239 .189 .141 .096 .057 .027 .007 2 .000 .007 .027 .057 .096 .141 .189 .239 .288 .334 .375 .408 .432 .444 .441 .422 .384 .325 .243 .135 3 .000 .000 .001 .003 .008 .016 .027 .043 .064 .091 .125 .166 .216 .275 .343 .422 .512 .614 .729 .857 n 4 p .01 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 r 0 .961 .815 .656 .522 .410 .316 .240 .179 .130 .092 .062 .041 .026 .015 .008 .004 .002 .001 .000 .000 1 .039 .171 .292 .368 .410 .422 .412 .384 .346 .300 .250 .200 .154 .112 .076 .047 .026 .011 .004 .000 2 .001 .014 .049 .098 .154 .211 .265 .311 .346 .368 .375 .368 .346 .311 .265 .211 .154 .098 .049 .014 3 .000 .000 .004 .011 .026 .047 .076 .112 .154 .200 .250 .300 .346 .384 .412 .422 .410 .368 .292 .171 4 .000 .000 .000 .001 .002 .004 .008 .015 .026 .041 .062 .092 .130 .179 .240 .316 .410 .522 .656 .815 n 5 p .01 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 r 0 .951 .774 .590 .444 .328 .237 .168 .116 .078 .050 .031 .019 .010 .005 .002 .001 .000 .000 .000 .000 1 .048 .204 .328 .392 .410 .396 .360 .312 .259 .206 .156 .113 .077 .049 .028 .015 .006 .002 .000 .000 2 .001 .021 .073 .138 .205 .264 .309 .336 .346 .337 .312 .276 .230 .181 .132 .088 .051 .024 .008 .001 3 .000 .001 .008 .024 .051 .088 .132 .181 .230 .276 .312 .337 .346 .336 .309 .264 .205 .138 .073 .021 4 .000 .000 .000 .002 .006 .015 .028 .049 .077 .113 .156 .206 .259 .312 .360 .396 .410 .392 .328 .204 5 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .001 .002 .005 .010 .019 .031 .050 .078 .116 .168 .237 .328 .444 .590 .774 n 6 p .01 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 r 0 .941 .735 .531 .377 .262 .178 .118 .075 .047 .028 .016 .008 .004 .002 .001 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1 .057 .232 .354 .399 .393 .356 .303 .244 .187 .136 .094 .061 .037 .020 .010 .004 .002 .000 .000 .000 2 .001 .031 .098 .176 .246 .297 .324 .328 .311 .278 .234 .186 .138 .095 .060 .033 .015 .006 .001 .000 3 .000 .002 .015 .042 .082 .132 .185 .236 .276 .303 .312 .303 .276 .236 .185 .132 .082 .042 .015 .002 4 .000 .000 .001 .006 .015 .033 .060 .095 .138 .186 .234 .278 .311 .328 .324 .297 .246 .176 .098 .031 5 .000 .000 .000 .000 .002 .004 .010 .020 .037 .061 .094 .136 .187 .244 .303 .356 .393 .399 .354 .232 6 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .001 .002 .004 .008 .016 .028 .047 .075 .118 .178 .262 .377 .531 .735

Sex Workers the Legalization of Prostitution Free Essays

Iya Clarke Mrs. Peacock 4 December Sex Workers: The Legalization of Prostitution Prostitution, one of the most controversial jobs created, is often revered as one of the lowest jobs of the career totem pole. Sex workers are counted out and their voices are rarely, if ever, listened to, but no longer should sex workers be ignored. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Workers: the Legalization of Prostitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are people too and have a lot to offer the America. Other countries have legalized prostitution and it has simply become a part of the culture, no longer looked down upon. Perhaps, the U. S. hould revisit the job of sex working, and if stigmas and judgments about the field were removed and prostitution was viewed with unbiased eyes, then the positive aspects of legalization could be considered. Sex is simply another commodity that can be bought and sold, just like anything else that is traded, and should be treated as such. With certain restrictions, if brothels were designated for certain places, had their own district outside the major cities, it could help uplift a forgotten community. With certain regulations and laws put in place, not only sex workers, but society as large can benefit. Sex workers are not hurting anyone and should be allowed to do what they love. the Declaration of Independence it clearly states that, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † So if sex workers are happy doing their job then who is the government to try and outlaw it? Prostituting is their way of gaining life, liberty and it is their personal way of pursing happiness. If sex workers are doing what they love, not hurting anyone, and prostituting in a safe manner then the only ethical thing to do is to legalize it. But the only reason this will not happen is because of the negative stigma attached to it. Legalizing prostitution would normalize it and the mystery about sex workers would quickly dissipate. But if it became just a regular job then a lot of the taboo allure about it would be lost. After a certain amount of time most Americans would become indifferent to the issue, similar to how the Dutch now view prostitution. According to Melanie Abrams of History Today, â€Å"research has shown that 74 per cent of the Dutch population regards prostitution as an acceptable job and prostitution has been legal in the Netherlands since 2000. † If prostitution is normalized than stereotypes and judgments will decrease about the workers, making them feel less ostracized from society and help to create a richer place with diverse groups of people. The United States claims to be an accepting place, a â€Å"melting pot,† of all kinds of people with different ideas and lifestyles, so why sex workers be put on the outskirts of society? So many of sex workers are taken advantage of and abused physically, but if prostitution was legalized than not as many woman would be injured. Everyday sex workers are beaten and abused, and the intuition who is supposed to be stopping this type of behavior, the police, is often a main perpetrator of it. The police use the power in their job title to coerce the women into illicit sexual acts so that they aren’t arrested and taken to jail. Sex workers live in fear of the possible threats from their customers and threats from the governing force, the police. Legalizing prostitution would help to eliminate abuse from both of these groups because prostitution would be seen as a legitimate job. Just as other jobs have laws to ensure the protection of them, sex workers would be granted the same rights. The workers would be able to stand up for themselves and not be afraid to call out the people who take advantage of them. Also, the countless tax dollars spent on picking up sex workers and holding them in jail could be used for something more useful. Because honestly, if a sex worker really enjoys their job, they are just going to go back out on the streets. This will only encourage a viscous cycle, that will never ever stop, and simply waste money that needs to be used in something more important. The spread of STDs, if prostitution was legalized, would decrease, due to mandatory testing. One of the greatest fears about sex workers is that the spread a large number of diseases to their customers because they do not have to use protection. But if prostitution was legalized then a system could be set up to curb the spread of STDs and STIs. The workers would have to be checked periodically to insure the spread of diseases decreased, as opposed to workers who do not have to follow any rules, because they are participating in an illegal business. In parts of Australia, where prostitution is legal, sex workers â€Å"undergo regular examinations for STIs. If these tests are not done, the brothel will not permit the sex worker to work,† and in Queensland, Australia, â€Å"sex workers in brothels are required to wear a prophylactic during any type of sexual activity. As a result, Australian sex workers now have a very low incidence of STI’s. † With many jobs people have to go undergo certain requirements whether it is periodically drug testing, or getting a background check. Prostitute are going to do their job, legal or not, so imposing a way for it to be done in healthy manner, can only be for the better and help to curb the spread of unwanted STDs and STIs. If prostitutes became a legal then sex worker s could help the economy. Just as with any other job, prostitutes would become a part of the tax paying population. Rather than making all the money under the table, which is what they do now, sex workers could help the Unites States out of the economic downturn of the past few years. They could play a vital part in helping to alleviate the billions of debt that the United States is in imagine the millions of unpaid tax dollars that is being overlooked annually because prostitution is not considered a â€Å"real job. † Finally, the United States need to understand that prostitution is as a real of a job as any and rid themselves of the judgments that have been in the culture for years. Yes, some of the workers are coerced into selling themselves on the street, but there is also a percentage of the woman enjoy the work. Some women enjoy the thrill, or simply enjoy having sex. It is their body, so who is the government to tell them what to do with it; what not to do with it? If the government was able to see past these judgments then America would be a better place for it. The spread of unwanted STIs and STDs would lessen within this field, millions; possibly billions of dollars could be made by taxing the work. And the great melting pot, which is spoken so fondly of, would become even more diverse and accepting of people. In addition, there is no legal reason for it not to be legalized. Most of the reasons for why prostituting is illegal has to deal with morals. But if people do not like the idea of sex work, then they do not have to participate in it, but ultimately it is not their decision to make. If the sex workers are of the legal age, have made this decision on their own, without being forced or coerced, then they should be able to do what makes them happy. That’s all most people search for, the thing that makes them happy, so everyone should be able to experience that without being treated terribly and dealing with the constant oppression from the society from which they live in. Works Cited Abrams, Melanie. â€Å"City Of (Red) Lights. † History Today 59. 11 (2009): 6-7. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. Sullivan, Barbara. â€Å"When (Some) Prostitution Is Legal: The Impact Of Law Reform On Sex Work In Australia. † Journal Of Law Society 37. 1 (2010): 85-104. Sociological Collection. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. How to cite Sex Workers: the Legalization of Prostitution, Papers

Essay Controversy Behind South Parks Ethics Essay Example For Students

Essay Controversy Behind South Parks Ethics Essay Controversy Behind South Parks Ethics South Park, the animated TV series aired on Comedy Central was created by Matt Stone and Trey Parker and is one of the many new shows that involve animation with high-level adult comedy that parodies current events going on across the United States and throughout the world. South Park is just one of many new shows that involve this sort of high end entertainment and they are taking the television ratings by storm. This show, along with others of its nature such as Family Guy, The Simpsons, and King of the Hill are all extremely controversial in nature and in regards to the situations portrayed on the television screen. These shows have gotten consistently more obnoxious, racial, and detrimental in content that it has caused major concern with viewers of all statures, whether it is a housewife mother’s concern with their 10 year olds viewing habits or whether it be concern in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In light of all the controversy and lewd content, South P ark continues to push the limits of what is acceptable for television viewing, continually going over the edge in many viewers’ eyes. Like it or not South Park is extremely inventive in nature and on many levels has been more successful then anyone could have ever dreamed. In the following pages we will explore the many different aspects, criticisms, and accomplishments this heavily controversial cable television cartoon has touched upon. South Park is an animated series that was created by Matt Stone and Trey Parker in the mid 90’s featuring four boys who live in the Colorado town of South Park, which is often beset by frequent odd occurrences that prove mysteriously similar to current events going on in our world. The show grew out of a short film that Trey Parker and Matt Stone created called â€Å"Frosty† or also known as The Spirit of Christmas. Frosty, also known as A Christmas Story, was shot on an old, rough and tumble 16mm Arriflex camera that was on an animation stand at the University of Colorado film department in Boulder. The video was very primitive stuff in nature, as it was patched together from construction-paper cutouts that were simply glued together with nothing more then Elmers Glue. The cutouts were then placed on construction paper backgrounds and photographed frame by frame. The â€Å"Spirit of Christmas† on the other h. .e fun directly at MLB players Mark McGwire, Barry Bonds and Jeremy Giambi. And in Episode 812: Stupid Spoiled Whore Video Playset , all the fourth grade girls idolize a rich, famous and spoiled socialite. They even have her brand new toy set that comes complete with video camera, night vision filter, play money and losable cell phone. In an effort to impress their idol, the girls pursue the boys to make their own videos. This show is a mockery of how recently female celebrities have become famous for partying, drinking and sleeping around. The show revolves mainly around Paris Hilton who they refer to as a stupid, spoiled whore on several occasions. We cannot protect all of the children in the world by censoring a few television shows. If anyone is at fault for exposing their child to the bad in the world, it is their parents. Remember what the 8 year old said about South Park’s swear words, â€Å"My daddy says them every single day. † It is the parents’ choice if they want to protect their children from all of the violence and profanity that is out there, it is in no way a choice of television networks. 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Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Essay Example

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Essay Reasoning is a method of coming to conclusions by the use of logical argument. There are three basic form of reasoning: inductive, deductive and the combination of both called inductive/deductive (Walliman Baiche, 2001). Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning is one method of reasoning that researchers use. It is based on making a conclusion or generalization based on a limited number of observations. Thus, it produces from the specific to the general. All research that makes inference or generalizations about the results of a study uses inductive reasoning (Berg Latin, 2008). According to American Psychological association (2009), â€Å"Inductive reasoning is the form of reasoning in which inferences and general principles are drawn from specific observations and cases. Inductive reasoning is the counter stone of scientific method in that it underlies the process of developing hypothesis from particular facts or observation† (p. 246). The conclusions drawn from inductive reasoning are always probable rather than absolute and the degree of probability of any conclusion is the product of the degree of probability granted to each premise (Sprague, Stuart Bodary, 2010). Occurrence of qualifying phrase like , ‘so it seems’, ‘it is likely that’ , ‘it is reasonable to conclude, or probably indicates the support lended to the conclusion , therefore it’s an inductive argument (Bell, Staines, Michell, 2001) . Moreover, its logical form cannot be so neatly encapsulated in a three-line format (Walliman Baiche, 2001). Examples When chimpanzees are exposed to rage, they tend to become violent. Humans are similar to chimpanzees, and therefore they tend to get violent when exposed to rage. The woman in the neighboring apartment has a shrill voice. I can hear a shrill voice from outside, therefore the woman in the neighboring apartment is shouting. Also, â€Å"If 40 vegetarians were studied and all were found to be introverts, one might conclude that all vegetarians are introverts. Similarly, all swans which have been observed are white in color. Likely, one can conclude that all swans are white† (Berg Latin, 200 8; Walliman Baiche, 2001) The value of inductive reasoning was revealed by Bacon in the 1600s. We will write a custom essay sample on Inductive and Deductive Reasoning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Inductive and Deductive Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Inductive and Deductive Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By the careful and systematic observation of the events in the world around us, many theories have been evolved to explain the rules of nature. Darwin’s theory of evolution and Mendel’s discovery of genetics are perhaps the most famous theories claimed (even by their authors) to be derived from inductive reasoning (Walliman Baiche, 2001). The formulation of theory from facts is also based on inductive reasoning because a generalization is made on a limited number of observations (Berg Latin, 2008). Deductive Reasoning Deductive reasoning was first developed by Ancient Greeks, and was refined by Aristotle through his deductive syllogisms. It is reverse of inductive reasoning. It produces from the general to the specific. An argument based on deduction begins with general statements and, through logical argument, comes to a specific conclusion. A syllogism is the simplest form of this kind of argument and consists of a major general premise (statement), followed by a minor, more specific premise and a conclusion which follows logically (Walliman Baiche, 2001; Berg Latin, 2008). According to American Psychological association (2009) â€Å"Deductive reasoning is the form of reasoning in which a conclusion is shown to follow necessarily from a sequence of premises, the first of which stands for a self-evident truth or agreed upon data. In empirical sciences, deductive reasoning underlies the process of deriving and predicting from general laws or theories† (p. 130). Occurrence of the word, ‘necessarily’ or ‘therefore’ is a sign that the argument is deductive. (Bell, Staines, Michell, 2001) Example: All live mammals breathe. This cow is a live mammal. Therefore, this cow breathes. One of the real advantages of structuring ideas deductively is that they state relationship among the concepts one is dealing. Once the major premise on which the argument rests is stated, certain values, assumptions and even logical truisms can be applied to the specific cases in minor premise. Deductive argument is an elegant way to justify a conclusion, even when it has been modified to lose the clean force of syllogism (Sprague, Stuart Bodary, 2010). For example, It has always been the goal of our social welfare system to help the recipients become self sufficient. Certain current programs encourage dependency and discourage initiative. Therefore, these programs should be changed. A good friend is a person who helps you reach your potential. Several people in this organization have helped me strive towards my potential. Therefore, as I say good-bye, I feel like I am leaving a number of good friends. (Sprague, Stuart Bodary, 2010) The application of research is also based on deductive reasoning. It may be assumed or deduced that what occurred in sample of subjects in a study may also occur in other people similar to the subjects. If estrogen replacement therapy was found in a study to increase bone density of postmenopausal women, one might deduce that a similar change might occur in one’s 60-year-old aunt and encourage her to see her physician about it (Berg Latin, 2008). When inductive and deductive reasoning were combined to form inductive/deductive reasoning, the to-and-fro process of developing hypothesis (testable theories) inductively form observations, chattering their implications by deduction, and testing them to refine or reject them in the light of the results, formed a powerful basis for the progress of knowledge, especially of scientific knowledge. Thus, it is the combination of experience with inductive and deductive reasoning which is the foundation of modern scientific research (Walliman Baiche, 2001).

Rotational Dynamics essays

Rotational Dynamics essays In this experiment, the rotational motion of a solid pulley was studied. A mass was hung on a string, which was wrapped around the pulley. Using the mass hung on the string and accelerations given by a motion detector below the mass, the moment of inertia of the pulley can be discovered. This experiment showed that the average value for moment of inertia of the specific pulley was 0.00268 Kgm2 with an uncertainty of 0.00048 Kgm2. This same calculation was performed using the textbook definition for the moment of inertia of a solid disk. The given equation I=1/2MR2 , values for M and R were given and the resulting calculation produced a value for I of 0.00272 Kgm2 with uncertainty of 0.00015 Kgm2. The experiment showed that the values from both techniques of derivation come out to be the same value when the uncertainty is accounted for. In this experiment, the moment of inertia of a solid disk was studied. In particular, the forces needed to bring about a change in the rotational motion. For an extended object, a force acting anywhere away from the center of gravity will cause a rotation. This can be seen in the experiment because the force put on the pulley by the string is at a measurable distance from the center of gravity of the pulley. Torque is the name given to a force, which will change the rotation state of an object. The magnitude of the force times the distance the force is acting from the rotating axis. In this lab, the distance will always be the radius of the pulley. Only the tangential component of the force will cause a change in the rotational status of the object. The magnitude of the resulting torque is given by i = RFsin(f) where f is the angle between the radius F and the force F. The dynamic description for changes in angular velocity w: i = Ia = I*Dw/Dt is in the same form as that for changes in translational motion, from which it was derived (S&F). The moment of inertia of the pulley is gi...

Preparing the marketing audit for market entry Essay

Preparing the marketing audit for market entry - Essay Example It is true that Minute maid may face problems initially due to lack of brand awareness. But, effective brand value and strong customer base of Coca Cola can help Minute maid to attract the target customers. This report will recommend some valuable marketing and business operation strategies for the Coca Cola Company in order to implement them for the future growth of Minute maid in England. Introduction This report is a marketing audit including an in-detailed internal and external marketing environment analysis of an organization. The report will conduct a marketing audit for the Coca Cola Company. Minute Maid is one of the popular product lines of beverages of Coca Cola Company. This particular product line is not available in England. The report will conduct a market entry and marketing analysis of Minute Maid in the potential England market. Minute Maid is one of the popular product lines of beverages, generally associated with orange juice or lemonades. The Coca Cola Company is the parent organization of Minute Maid. ... Moreover, demand for fruit juices is significantly increasing among the people of England. On the other hand, Minute Maid earned huge popularity and preference among the people around the globe due to is quality and characteristics (Lorat, 2009, p.23). Now-a-days, people are becoming health conscious. In addition to this, demand for healthy fruit juices is increasing among health conscious people. Therefore, it would be effective if the Coca Cola Company choose to introduce Minute Maid in potential England market (McDonald, 2007, p.39). PESTEL Analysis This external environmental analytical tool will help the organization to determine the future impact of external environmental factors on the performance of Minute Maid in England. Political England is politically stable country. The government of the country is trying to motivate the food and beverage organizations to produce and supply healthy food items in order to secure good health and safety of people (Bradley, 2006, p.90). Ther efore, the government is trying to develop several legislations for the organizations to force them to produce healthy food products. Economical Recent financial crisis and economic slowdown affected the purchasing power of people (Cheverton, 2005, p.76). It is important for the organization to implement economic pricing strategy for Minute Maid in order to support the purchasing power of common people. Social Demand for high carbonated soft drink food products are decreasing due to several health issues and negative consequences (Dawson, 2000, p.71). People are trying to shift from high carbonated soft drink products to the healthy fruit juices. Technological England is technologically developed country (Dobkin, 2007, p.82). The

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Law of Evidence - Essay Example The burden of proof aims to provide a jury with at least enough evidence to support the position of a reasonable doubt of the guilt of the accused. Therefore what must be determined in this case is whether the defendant will be obliged to adhere to a legal or evidential burden of proof. The leading case in the nature of the legal burden of proof in English criminal law1 is that of Woolmington v. Director of Public Prosecutions2, in which Viscount Sankey stated that â€Å"it is the duty of the prosecution to prove the prisoner’s guilt subject to†¦.insanity†¦.[and also]†¦statutory exception.† Therefore, applying the standard set out in this case, it would appear that the onus of the burden of proof will be placed upon the prosecution rather than on the defence. However, research suggests that this has not generally been the case. A study conducted by Ashworth and Blake showed that the legal burden of proof was placed upon defendants to prove a statutory defence in at least 40% of the Crown court cases3. Therefore, in a criminal case the defendant may likely bear the burden of proof, depending upon the circumstances and the statute (in this case, the Road Traffic Offenders Act of 1988)4. In the recent case of Sheldrake v DPP5 the question of whether driving offences would come under the purview of criminal offences and could therefore constitute a requirement for a legal burden of proof from both prosecution and defense was raised. In arriving at its decision, the Court also took into account the question of whether imposing a legal burden of proof on the defendant and thereby rendering him liable for conviction even when a reasonable doubt existed, would be in contravention of the presumption of innocence that works in favor of every defendant in a criminal case. The question of whether a legal or evidential standard of proof was to be levied required the Court to strike a balance between the

Seven Steps In The Benchmarking Process Business Essay

Seven Steps In The Benchmarking Process Business Essay Benchmarking  is the process of comparing ones business processes and  performance metrics  to industry bests or  best practices from other industries. Dimensions typically measured are quality, time and cost. In the process of benchmarking, management identifies the best firms in their industry, or in another industry where similar processes exist, and compare the results and processes of those studied (the targets) to ones own results and processes. In this way, they learn how well the targets perform and, more importantly, the business processes that explain why these firms are successful. Benchmarking is used to measure performance using a specific  indicator  (cost per unit of measure, productivity per unit of measure, cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unit of measure) resulting in a metric of performance that is then compared to others. Also referred to as best practice benchmarking or process benchmarking, this process is used in management and particularly strategic management, in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their processes in relation to best practice companies processes, usually within a peer group defined for the purposes of comparison. This then allows organizations to develop plans on how to make improvements or adapt specific best practices, usually with the aim of increasing some aspect of performance. Benchmarking may be a one-off event, but is often treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek to improve their practices. BASICS OF BENCHMARKING Indian organizations are becoming world class both in terms of size and performance. Therefore, there is a greater need to become superior in performance consistently. Quality is becoming the hallmark for both products and services. Indian and multinational organizations are increasingly becoming quality conscious and try to deliver high quality products and services to customers. Quality delivery which was the property of General Electric, Ford, General motors, Xerox and ATT had become the buzzword in many corporate circles in India as well. From Software major Infosys to Automobile giant Mahindra are adopting best in class technologies, borrows and adopt best ideas, incubate and implement them as part of their corporate strategy. As individuals do swot analysis, companies have to do swot analysis for their competitive advantage and for long term survival. The external competitive pressure on the system had made its absolutely necessary to benchmark with similar organizations or organizations of different breed. However, benchmarking cannot cure all diseases of the company. Why the companies benchmark? Instead of being inward looking companies, large corporations are more outward looking nowadays. Liberalization and globalization had made the industries very competitive. Equally the transfer and adoption of technologies are more easier nowadays. The other advantage of benchmarking is the lowest cost associated with the process. The companies do not invest sizeable investments in research and development and there is no threat of any sunk cost. The process or practice or technology are readily available and easily be plagiarized. A company that decides to undertake a bench-marking initiative should consider the following questions: When? Why? Who? What? and How? WHEN Benchmarking can be used at any time, but is usually performed in response to needs that arise within a company. According to C.J. McNair and Kathleen H.J. Leibfried in their book  Benchmarking: A Tool for Continuous Improvement,  some potential triggers for the benchmarking process include: quality programs cost reduction/budget process operations improvement efforts management change new operations/new ventures rethinking existing strategies competitive assaults/crises WHY This is the most important question in managements decision to begin the benchmarking process. McNair and Leibfried suggest several reasons why companies may embark upon benchmarking: to signal managements willingness to pursue a philosophy that embraces change in a proactive rather than reactive manner; to establish meaningful goals and performance measures that reflect an external/customer focus, foster quantum leap thinking, and focus on high-payoff opportunities; to create early awareness of competitive disadvantage; and to promote teamwork that is based on competitive need and is driven by concrete data analysis, not intuition or gut feeling. WHO Companies may decide to benchmark internally, against competitors, against industry performance, or against the best of the best. Internal benchmarking is the analysis of existing practice within various departments or divisions of the organization, looking for best performance as well as identifying baseline activities and drivers. Competitive benchmarking looks at a companys direct competitors and evaluates how the company is doing in comparison. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the competition is not only important in plotting a successful strategy, but it can also help prioritize areas of improvement as specific customer expectations are identified. Industry benchmarking is more trend-based and has a much broader scope. It can help establish performance baselines. The best-in-class form of benchmarking examines multiple industries in search of new, innovative practices. It not only provides a broad scope, but also it provides the best opportunities over that range. WHAT Benchmarking can focus on roles, processes, or strategic issues. It can be used to establish the function or mission of an organization. It can also be used to examine existing practices while looking at the organization as a whole to identify practices that support major processes or critical objectives. When focusing on specific processes or activities, the depth of the analysis is a key issue. The analysis can take the form of vertical or horizontal benchmarking. Vertical benchmarking is where the focus is placed on specific departments or functions, while horizontal bench-marking is where the focus is placed on a specific process or activity. Concerning strategic issues, the objective is to identify factors that are of greatest importance to competitive advantage, to define measures of excellence that capture these issues, and to isolate companies that appear to be top performers in these areas. HOW Benchmarking uses different sources of information, including published material, trade meetings, and conversations with industry experts, consultants, customers, and marketing representatives. The emergence of Internet technology has facilitated the bench-marking process. The Internet offers access to a number of databases-like Power-MARQ from the nonprofit American Productivity and Quality Center-containing performance indicators for thousands of different companies. The Internet also enables companies to conduct electronic surveys to collect bench-marking data. How a company benchmarks may depend on available resources, deadlines, and the number of alternative sources of information. ADVANTAGES OF BENCHMARKING Lowering Labor Costs One advantage of benchmarking may be lower labor costs. For example, a small manufacturing company may study how a top competitor uses robots for several basic plant functions. These robots may help the competitor save a significant amount of money on labor costs. Company managers may obtain information on these robotics systems through the competitors website or online articles. They may also identify the company that sold the competitor the robots. Subsequently, the company using benchmarking may call the robot manufacturer to help set up its own system. Improving Product Quality Companies may also use benchmarking to improve product quality. Engineers sometimes purchase leading competitors products. They may then take them apart, study them and determine how the competitors products outlast or outperform others in the industry. Chemical engineers may study food or cleaning products in a similar manner. They can then compare various elements contained in competitive products to their own product line. Subsequently, improvements can be made to product quality. Increasing Sales and Profits A company that uses benchmarking to improve its functions, operations, products and services may enjoy increases in sales and profits. Customers are likely to notice these improvements. The benchmarking company may also promote is improvements through company brochures, its sales reps, magazine and television ads. These efforts are likely to increase sales, especially among core customers. Companies that operate more efficiently due to benchmarking can drastically lower their expenses. These savings can be lead to greater profits. Considerations Some organizations use internal benchmarking to improve performance in different departments. Department managers may study and emulate the best practices of one particular department. These changes may spark improvements among all departments. Internal benchmarking has its limitations, however. The companys top department may not be functioning as efficiently as others in the industry. This means the other departments were not truly benchmarking against the best departments out there. PROCESS OF BENCHMARKING When it comes to Competitive Intelligence, there are a few simple tools that can provide for sophisticated comparisons of business functions between organizations that can help firms benchmark the constituent processes of the company with direct or indirect competitors, allowing a company to gain the upper hand in a marketplace. But, what is the process for setting the metrics, methodologies, milestones and comparisons which might be used to measure the success of a CI/benchmarking function, or the success of a Strategic Planning department as a whole? Benchmarking is best used and described as a framework for strategic planning in that, once elements of study are identified, metrics can be applied to the key success factors (KSFs) of the industry or marketplace and these measures or benchmarks are then used to develop future quality and market initiatives for the firm to enhance its overall competitive position. It is generally considered that there are seven steps to this process, as explained below. However, this analysis of intra- and sometimes inter-industry competitors can form the foundation for future competitor analysis when the emphasis is placed upon the goals and financial capabilities of the competitor. Seven Steps in the Benchmarking Process: 1. Determine which functional areas within your operation are to be benchmarked those that will benefit most from the benchmarking process, based upon the cost, importance and potential of changes following the study. 2. Identify the key factors and variables with which to measure those functions usually in the general form of financial resources and product strategy. 3. Select the best-in-class companies for each area to be benchmarked those companies that perform each function at the lowest cost, with the highest degree of customer satisfaction, etc. Best-in-class companies can be your direct competitors (foreign or domestic), or even companies from a different industry (parallel competitors with replacement or substitute products or services; latent competitors which might backwards- or forwards-integrate into your market; or, out-of-industry firms with whom you do not compete, but which have best-in-class areas to be studied such as FedEx or Wal-Mart in logistics). 4. Measure the performance of the best-in-class companies for each benchmark being considered from sources such as the SEC, companies themselves, articles in the press or trade journals, analysts in the market, credit reports, clients and vendors, trade associations, the government or from interviews with other organizations willing to share their prior research or swap it with you. 5. Measure your own performance for each variable and begin comparing the results in an apples-to-apples format to determine the gap between your firm and the best-in-class examples. Always feel free to estimate results, as exact measures are usually disproportionately difficult to obtain and often do not significantly add value to the study. 6. Specify those programs and actions to meet and surpass the competition based on a plan developed to enhance those areas that show potential for compliment. The firm can choose from a few different approaches from simply trying harder, to emulating the best-in-class, changing the rules of the industry or leapfrogging the competition with innovation or technology from outside the industry. 7. Implement these programs by setting specific improvement targets and deadlines, and by developing a monitoring process to review and update the analysis over time. This will also form the basis for monitoring, revision and recalibration of measurements in future benchmarking studies. DIFFERENT MEASURES OF BENCHMARKING One of benchmarkings cardinal questions is that of what to measure. That depends on the nature of the business. The point is that you cannot chase 50 benchmarks at the same time. One macro benchmark is required which then might be broken down into a series of supporting micro measures. Although it is fine to circulate such a measure, the most worthwhile aspect of the benchmarking process can be the opportunity for people in an organisation to see at first hand how other organisations go about their business. It is the process itself which is valuable; the voyage that is more educational than the reaching of the destination. Nevertheless, measurable performance falls into the three broad areas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ time; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ cost; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ quality. Time measures should incorporate the process from start to finish. For example, from when a customer places an order to the time of receipt of goods and payment, thereby accounting for total lead time, product development time and productive time. Cost measures are the traditional basis of comparison between firms and, because of this, we are often most comfortable with these measures. Two which can be useful in benchmarking are total process cost per unit of output and return on assets. Quality measures should capture the errors, defects and waste attributable to processes. Some measures which should be used in achieving this include process variability, defects, process yields, customer perceived quality, cost of quality and quality improvement efforts. TYPES OF BENCHMARKING There are a number of different types of benchmarking, as summarised below: Type Description Most Appropriate for the Following Purposes Strategic Benchmarking Where businesses need to improve overall performance by examining the long-term strategies and general approaches that have enabled high-performers to succeed. It involves considering high level aspects such as core competencies, developing new products and services and improving capabilities for dealing with changes in the external environment. Changes resulting from this type of benchmarking may be difficult to implement and take a long time to materialise Re-aligning business strategies that have become inappropriate Performance or Competitive Benchmarking Businesses consider their position in relation to performance characteristics of  key products and services. Benchmarking partners are drawn from the same sector. This type of analysis is often undertaken through trade associations or third parties to protect confidentiality. Assessing relative level of performance in key areas or activities in comparison with others in the same sector and finding ways of closing gaps in performance Process Benchmarking Focuses on improving specific  critical processes and operations. Benchmarking partners are sought from best practice organisations that perform similar work or deliver similar services. Process benchmarking invariably involves producing process maps to facilitate comparison and analysis. This type of benchmarking often results in short term benefits. Achieving improvements in key processes to obtain quick benefits Functional Benchmarking Businesses look to benchmark with partners drawn from different business sectors or areas of activity to find ways of improving similar functions or work processes. This sort of benchmarking can lead to innovation and dramatic improvements. Improving activities or services for which counterparts do not exist. Internal Benchmarking Involves benchmarking businesses or operations from within the same organisation (e.g. business units in different countries). The main advantages of internal benchmarking are that access to sensitive data and information is easier; standardised data is often readily available; and, usually less time and resources are needed. There may be fewer barriers to implementation as practices may be relatively easy to transfer across the same organisation. However, real innovation may be lacking and best in class performance is more likely to be found through external benchmarking. Several business units within the same organisation exemplify good practice and management want to spread this expertise quickly, throughout the organisation External Benchmarking Involves analysing outside organisations that are known to be best in class. External benchmarking provides opportunities of learning from those who are at the leading edge. This type of benchmarking can take up significant time and resource to ensure the comparability of data and information, the credibility of the findings and the development of sound recommendations. Where examples of good practices can be found in other organisations and there is a lack of good practices within internal business units International Benchmarking Best practitioners are identified and analysed elsewhere in the world, perhaps because there are too few benchmarking partners within the same country to produce valid results. Globalisation and advances in information technology are increasing opportunities for international projects. However, these can take more time and resources to set up and implement and the results may need careful analysis due to national differences Where the aim is to achieve world class status or simply because there are insufficientnational businesses against which to benchmark. SUCCESSFUL BENCHMARKING There are several keys to successful benchmarking. Management commitment is one that companies frequently name. Since management from top to bottom is responsible for the continued operation and evaluation of the company, it is imperative that management be committed as a team to using and implementing benchmarking strategies. A strong network of personal contacts as well as having an open mind to ideas is other keys. In order to implement benchmarking at all stages, there must be a well-trained team of people in order for the process to work accurately and efficiently. Based on the information gathered by a well-trained team, there must also be an effort toward continuous improvement. Other keys include a benchmarking process that has historical success, sufficient time and staff, and complete understanding of the processes to be benchmarked. In almost any type of program that a company researches or intends to implement, there must be goals and objectives set for that specific program. Benchmarking is no different. Successful companies determine goals and objectives, focus on them, keep them simple, and follow through on them. As in any program, it is always imperative to gather accurate and consistent information. The data should be understood and able to be defined as well as measured. The data must be able to be interpreted in order to make comparisons with other organizations. Lastly, keys to successful benchmarking include a thorough follow-through process and assistance from consultants with experience in designing and establishing such programs.

“Examine the View That the Family Is Universal”

George Murdock examined the institution of the family in a wide range of society. Murdock took a sample of 250 societies of different cultures and discovered that there was some form of the nuclear family which existed in every society. Murdock then concluded that the family is universal and provides four function. Sexual(stable relationship for adults), reproduction(continuing to create more society members), economic (pools resources to provide for each other), socialisation (teaches norms and values of society).Kathleen Gough disagreed with Murdock statement that the family is universal since she investigated a society in India called the Nayar who were an exception to the family. For example sandbanham relationships were not lifelong unions, either party could terminate the relationship at any time, sunbanham husbands had no duty towards the offspring’s of their wives, husband and wives did not form an economic unit. Husbands were not expected to maintain their wives. This society was a matrilineal society. in terms of Murdock definition of the family, no family existed in the nayar society since those who maintained a sexually approved relationship did not live together and cooperate economically.Another type of family known as the martifocal familles are considered an expection to murdocks defintion of the family as some children are raised in a household that do not contain men and are headed by females. For example a significant proprtion of black familles in the island of the west indies(Guyana).female headed familles are oftern known as the matriarchal family.Another type of family which may go against murdock definition of the family is gay and lesbian families.murodck claimed the household will contain â€Å"two of both sexes† however lesbian and gay household contain a union from the same gender.In conclusion although the nuclear family, the ideal type of family from the new rights perspective is found in every society. Not all househ old consist of this particular family. Therefore the nuclear family in my opinion is not unversal since it is not found in every household.

Customer Service and Order Processors

The Human Side of Management Assignment Repairing Jobs That Fail to Satisfy Learning Goals Companies often divide up work as a way to improve efficiency, but specialisation can lead to negative consequences. DrainFlow is a company that has effectively used specialisation to reduce costs relative to its competitors’ costs for years, but rising customer complaints suggest the firm’s strong position may be slipping. After reading the case, you will suggest some ways it can create more interesting work for employees.You will also tackle the problem of finding people who are qualified and ready to perform the multiple responsibilities required in these jobs. Major Topic Areas Job design Job satisfaction Personality Emotional labour The Scenario DrainFlow is a large residential and commercial plumbing  maintenance firm that operates around the United Kingdom. It has been a major player in residential plumbing  for decades, and its familiar rhyming motto, â€Å"When  Yo ur Drain Won’t Go, Call DrainFlow,† has been plastered  on billboards since the 1940s. Leigh Reynaldo has been a regional manager at DrainFlow for about 2 years.She used to work for a newer  competing chain, Lightning Plumber, that has been  drawing more and more customers from DrainFlow. Although  her job at DrainFlow pays more, Leigh is not happy  with the way things are going. She has noticed the work environment  is not as vital or energetic as the environment  she saw at Lightning. Leigh thinks the problem is that employees are not motivated  to provide the type of customer service Lightning  Plumber employees offer. She recently sent surveys  to customers to collect information about performance,  and the data confirmed her fears.Although 60 percent  of respondents said they were satisfied with their experience  and would use DrainFlow again, 40 percent felt  their experience was not good, and 30 percent said they  would use a competi tor the next time they had a plumbing problem. Leigh is wondering whether DrainFlow’s job design  might be contributing to its problems in retaining customers. DrainFlow has about 2,000 employees in four  basic job categories: plumbers, plumber’s assistants, order  processors, and billing representatives. This structure  is designed to keep costs as low as possible.Plumbers make very high wages, whereas plumber’s assistants  make about one-quarter of what a licensed  plumber makes. Using plumber’s assistants is therefore  a very cost-effective strategy that has enabled DrainFlow  to easily undercut the competition when it comes to  price. Order processors make even less than assistants  but about the same as billing processors. All work is very  specialised, but employees are often dependent on another  job category to perform at their most efficient  level. Like most plumbing companies, DrainFlow gets  business mostly from the Yellow Pages and the Internet.Customers either call in to describe a plumbing problem  or submit an online request for plumbing services,  receiving a return call with information within 24 hours. In either case, DrainFlow’s order processors listen to the  customer’s description of the problem to determine  whether a plumber or a plumber’s assistant should  make the service call. The job is then assigned accordingly,  and a service provider goes to the location. When  the job has been completed, via mobile phone, a billing representative  relays the fee to SHR034-6, 12-13 he service rep, who presents  a bill to the customer for payment. Billing representatives  can take customers’ credit card payments by phone  or e-mail an invoice for online payment. The Problem Although specialisation does cut costs significantly, Leigh  is worried about customer dissatisfaction. According to  her survey, about 25 percent of customer contactsà ‚  ended in no service call because customers were confused  by the diagnostic questions the order processors  asked and because the order processors did not have  sufficient knowledge or skill to explain the situation.That means fully one in four people who call DrainFlow  to hire a plumber are worse than dissatisfied: they  are not customers at all! The remaining 75 percent of calls that did end in a customer service encounter resulted  in other problems. The most frequent complaints Leigh found in the customer  surveys were about response time and cost, especially  when the wrong person was sent to a job. A  plumber’s assistant cannot complete a more technically  complicated job. The appointment has to be rescheduled,  and the customer’s time and the staff’s time have  been wasted.The resulting delay often caused customers  in these situations to decline further contact  with DrainFlow—many of them decided to go with  Ligh tning Plumber. â€Å"When I arrive at a job I can’t take care of,† says  plumber’s assistant Jim Larson, â€Å"the customer gets  annoyed. They thought they were getting a licensed  plumber, since they were calling for a plumber. Telling  them they have to have someone else come out doesn’t  go over well. †Ã‚   On the other hand, when a plumber responds to a  job easily handled by a plumber’s assistant, the customer  is still charged at the plumber’s higher pay rate.Licensed plumber Luis Berger also does not like being in  the position of giving customers bad news. â€Å"If I get  called out to do something like snake a drain, the customer  isn’t expecting a hefty bill. I’m caught in a difficult situation—I don’t set the rates or make the  appointments, but I’m the one who gets it from the customer. †Ã‚  Plumbers also resent being sent to do such simple  work. Obi Ani i s one of DrainFlow’s order processors. She is frustrated too when the wrong person is sent  to a job but feels she and the other order processors are  doing the best they can. We have a survey we’re supposed  to follow with the calls to find out what the problem  is and who needs to take the job,† she explains. â€Å"The  customers don’t know that we have a standard form, so  they think we can answer all their questions. Most of us  don’t know any more about plumbing than the caller. If  they don’t use the terms on the survey, we don’t understand  what they’re talking about. A plumber would, but  we’re not plumbers; we just take the calls. † Customer service issues also involve the billing representatives. They are the ones who have to keep contacting  customers about payment. It’s not my fault the  wrong guy was sent,† says Elisabeth King. â€Å"If two guys  went out, thatâ €™s two trips. If a plumber did the work, you  pay plumber rates. Some of these customers don’t get  that I didn’t take their first call, and so I get yelled at. †Ã‚  The billing representatives also complain that they see  only the tail end of the process, so they don’t know what  the original call entailed. The job is fairly impersonal,  and much of the work is recording customer complaints. Remember—40 percent of customers are not satisfied,  and it is the billing representatives who take the  brunt of their negative reactions on the phone.As you can probably tell, all employees have to engage  in emotional labour, as described in your textbook,  and many lack the skills or personality traits to complete  the customer interaction component of their jobs. They  are not trained to provide customer service, and they see  their work mostly in technical, or mechanical, terms. Quite a few are actually anxious about speaking directly  with customers. The office staff (order processors and  billing representatives) realise customer service is part  of their job, but they also find dealing with negative  feedback from customers and co-workers stressful.Two years ago, a management consulting  company was hired to survey DrainFlow worker attitudes. The results showed they were less satisfied than  workers in other comparable jobs. The following table  provides a breakdown of respondent satisfaction levels  across a number of categories:  Ã‚  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 DrainFlow Plumbers DrainFlow Plumber Assistants DrainFlow Office Workers Average Plumber Average Office Worker I am satisfied with the work I am asked to do. 3. 7 2. 5 2. 5 4. 3 3. 5 I am satisfied with my working conditions. 3. 8 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 I am satisfied with my interactions with o-workers. 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 3. 8 3. 9 I am satisfied with my interactions with my supervisor 2. 5 2. 3 2. 2 3. 5 3. 4 The information about avera ge plumbers and average  office workers is taken from the management consulting  company’s records of other companies. They  are not exactly surprising, given some of the complaints DrainFlow employees have made. Top management is  worried about these results, but they have not been able  to formulate a solution. The traditional DrainFlow culture  has been focused on cost containment, and the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"soft areas† like employee satisfaction has not been a major  issue.The Proposed Solution The company is in trouble, and as revenues shrink and  the cost savings that were supposed to be achieved by  dividing up work fail to materialise, a change seems to  be in order. Leigh is proposing using cash rewards to improve performance  among employees. She thinks if employees  were paid based on work outcomes, they would work harder  to satisfy customers. Because it is not easy to measure  how satisfied people are with the initial call-in, Leigh  wo uld like to give the order processors a small reward  for every 20 calls successfully completed.For the hands-on  work, she would like to have each billing representative  collect information about customer satisfaction for each  completed call. If no complaints are made and the job  is handled promptly, a moderate cash reward would be  given to the plumber or plumber’s assistant. If the customer  indicates real satisfaction with the service, a  larger cash reward would be provided. Leigh also wants to find people who are a better fit with  the company’s new goals. Current hiring procedure relies  on unstructured interviews with each location’s general manager, and little consistency is found in the way  these managers choose employees.Most lack training in  customer service and organisational behaviour. Leigh thinks  it would be better if hiring methods were standardised  across all branches in her region to help managers identify  recruits who can actually succeed in the job. Your Assignment Your task is to prepare a persuasive report for Leigh on the potential  effectiveness of her cash reward and structured interview  programmes. Make certain it is in the form of a  professional business document that you would give  to an experienced manager at this level of a fairly large  corporation.Leigh is very smart when it comes to managing  finances and running a plumbing business, but she  will not necessarily know about the organisational behaviour  principles you are describing. As any new  proposals must be passed through top management,  you should also address their concerns about cost containment. You will need to make a strong evidence-based  financial case that changing the management style will  benefit the company. When you write, make sure you touch on the following  points:  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 1.Although it is clear employees are not especially satisfied  with their wor k, do you think this is a reason  for concern? Does research suggest satisfied workers  are actually better at their jobs? Are any other behavioural  outcomes associated with job satisfaction? 2. Using job characteristics theory, explain why the  present system of job design may be contributing to  employee dissatisfaction. Describe some ways you  could help employees feel more satisfied with their  work by redesigning their jobs. 3. Leigh has a somewhat vague idea about how to implement  the cash rewards system.Describe some of the  specific ways you would make the reward system  work better, based on the case. 4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using  financial incentives in a program of this nature. What, if any, potential problems might arise if people  are given money for achieving customer satisfaction  goals? What other types of incentives might  be considered? 5. Create a specific plan to assess whether the reward  system is working. What are the dependent variables  that should change if the system works? How will  you go about measuring success?

The Theme Of Madness In Shakespeare, By William Shakespeare

Madness can be defined as the state of mental delusion/ mentally ill or showing extremely foolish/eccentric behavior which begins with anger. The incorporation of madness in literature has been a long-standing tradition and can be encountered in these three works: King Lear by William Shakespeare where he tells the story about King Lear whose madness has been promoted by his two daughters, Regan and Goneril, â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath, where she reveals her anguish at her father’s death, she also discloses an eccentric behavior of attempting a suicide, and Medea by Euripides, where we can encounter madness through the actions of Medea after being spurned by her husband Jason. Insanity occupies a central place in these pieces of literature and†¦show more content†¦King Lear slowly starts to descend in the complexity of insanity and his first sign of madness can be seen through this quote ...Look look, a mouse! Peace, peace; this piece of toasted cheese will do it†¦OH, well flown, bird! (Act IV.6. 88-91). Over time, he starts to realize that he made himself fall into this trap and Regan and Goneril are the reason for his madness and lastly, he learns to conquer his madness; however, it leads to a misfortune. On the other hand, Edgar, the son of Gloucester pretends to be a madman and decides to live the life of a beggar due to Edmund’ evil intentions (Act 3, Scene 4). In this scenario, Edgar is able to save and live his life better even if the world considers him insane. Edgar as a character symbolizes madness the most in King Lear. His loss of identity as a noble can be seen as a form of madness. Obsession is a form of insanity that can be discovered in Daddy by Sylvia Plath where the author shows hatred towards her own obsession with her dead father. With the use of literary devices, she expresses her emotion towards the male figures in her life-causes of her insanity. Plath faces rejection from the society and from her famil y which leads to her insanity. 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